A complexidade da área central dos Perdigões vista do céu. As várias estruturas visíveis repartem-se por cerca de 1500 anos, genericamente entre 3500 e 2000 a.C. E assim termina a campanha de 2018.
The complexity of the central area of Perdigões seen from the sky. The several visible structure cover about 1500 years, generically between 3500 and 2000 BC. And so it ends the 2018 campaign.
Excavations 2024
This is a temporary blog for presenting the excavations at Perdigões. Posts from 2011 to 2023 are available.
Saturday, 28 July 2018
Friday, 27 July 2018
0286 - Omphalos
Os Perdigões são um anfiteatro natural, localizado no centro de uma concentricidade geológica e assumindo uma centralidade agregadora de comunidades da segunda metade do 4º e 3º milénio a.C.. Essa noção de centralidade manifesta-se no próprio sítio, através de um conjunto de complexas estruturas monumentais em madeira localizadas no centro do sítio e das quais esta campanha começou a dar conta. Aqui ficam duas imagens de perspectivas opostas do final da escavação (amanhã já só há registo).
Perdigões are a natural theater, located in the center of a geological concentric area and assuming a aggregation centrality regarding the communities of the 4th and 3rd millennium BC. The notion of centrality can be perceived in the site itself, through an assemblage of complex and monumental wood structures in the central area of the enclosures, that this campaign started to give notice. Here are to opposed perspectives of the end of the excavation (tomorrow we will be just recording).
O qual começou já hoje, com a deslocação do José Pedro, do departamento de desenho da Era, para fazer o levantamento da área global do Sector Q e Sepulcro 4 com recurso a drone.
That started today, with the presence of José Pedro, from ERA's drawing department, to recording the global area of Sector Q and Tomb 4 with using a drone.
Perdigões are a natural theater, located in the center of a geological concentric area and assuming a aggregation centrality regarding the communities of the 4th and 3rd millennium BC. The notion of centrality can be perceived in the site itself, through an assemblage of complex and monumental wood structures in the central area of the enclosures, that this campaign started to give notice. Here are to opposed perspectives of the end of the excavation (tomorrow we will be just recording).
O qual começou já hoje, com a deslocação do José Pedro, do departamento de desenho da Era, para fazer o levantamento da área global do Sector Q e Sepulcro 4 com recurso a drone.
That started today, with the presence of José Pedro, from ERA's drawing department, to recording the global area of Sector Q and Tomb 4 with using a drone.
Thursday, 26 July 2018
0285 - Cakes and post holes / Bolos e Buracos de poste
Hoje tivemos a terceira visita de jovens / crianças de Reguengos de Monsaraz às escavações dos Perdigões (foi o 4º dia aberto). No total, fomos visitados por cerca de 100 jovens. Foi o dia dos mais pequeninos. E eles fizeram e deram à equipa um presente: um bolo. Devidamente cortado com um colherim e com a primeira fatia para o goluso da equipa.
Today we had the third visit of young people from Reguengos de Monsaraz to the excavations at Perdigões (it was the 4th Open day). Globally, we were visited by around 100 children. It was the day of the younger ones. And they made and gave to the team a present: a cake. Precisely cut with a trowel and with the first cut for the sweet tooth of the team.
Já quanto às estruturas negativas: mais buracos de poste. E a pegada do grande coelhinho mágico dos Perdigões (como diria o Tiago).
Regarding the negative structures: more post holes. And the footprint of the magical little bunny of Perdigões (as Tiago would have put it).
Today we had the third visit of young people from Reguengos de Monsaraz to the excavations at Perdigões (it was the 4th Open day). Globally, we were visited by around 100 children. It was the day of the younger ones. And they made and gave to the team a present: a cake. Precisely cut with a trowel and with the first cut for the sweet tooth of the team.
Já quanto às estruturas negativas: mais buracos de poste. E a pegada do grande coelhinho mágico dos Perdigões (como diria o Tiago).
Regarding the negative structures: more post holes. And the footprint of the magical little bunny of Perdigões (as Tiago would have put it).
Wednesday, 25 July 2018
0284 - Post holes and ditches / Buracos de poste e valas
Aqui está mais uma concentração de materiais como as que têm vindo a ser identificadas. Esta cobre as duas valas paralelas pertencentes a uma fase mais antiga desta sequência de estruturas. Estas estão agora mais visíveis e, pelo interior, parece começar a surgir uma nova sequência de buracos de poste com a mesma curvatura. Cada vez mais complexo.
Here is another concentration of materials like the ones previously identified. This one covers the two parallel ditches that belong to the earlier phase of this sequence of structures. They are now more visible and, by the inside, a new row of post holes, with the same curvature, is starting to appear. More complex every day.
E a equipa do Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear chegou e começou a amostar depósitos para análises B-OSL no âmbito da colaboração com o Projecto Perdigões.
And the team from the Nuclear and Technological Institute arrived and started the sampling of deposits for B-OSL analysis in the context of the collaboration with the Perdigões project.
Here is another concentration of materials like the ones previously identified. This one covers the two parallel ditches that belong to the earlier phase of this sequence of structures. They are now more visible and, by the inside, a new row of post holes, with the same curvature, is starting to appear. More complex every day.
E a equipa do Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear chegou e começou a amostar depósitos para análises B-OSL no âmbito da colaboração com o Projecto Perdigões.
And the team from the Nuclear and Technological Institute arrived and started the sampling of deposits for B-OSL analysis in the context of the collaboration with the Perdigões project.
Tuesday, 24 July 2018
0283 - Perto do fim / Near the end
A campanha aproxima-se do fim. Na Fossa 80 / Hipogeu 2 chegámos à base. A coluna central tem cerca de 80 cm de altura. A base era coberta por um espesso nível de argila e sobre este, junto à parede, uma concentração de cerâmicas fragmentadas, alguma fauna e uma mancha do que parece ocre amarelo. A fossa tem 2,60m de profundidade.
The campaign is close to the end. In Pt 80 / Hipogeum 2 we reached the base. The central column has 80cm high. The base was covered by a thick layer of clay, over which there was a concentration of pottery, faunal remains and yellow ocher near the wall. The pit is 2,60m deep.
Cá fora começou a definir-se a continuação da estrutura circular já anteriormente detectada na base da Fossa 40 (a dos cremados). Pelo seu interior uma grande concentração de materiais (sempre o mesmo: fragmentos cerâmicos, fauna e pequenas pedras).
Outside we started to define the circular structure already identified in the bottom of Pit 40 (the cremated remains pit). Inside there is a significant concentration of materials (always the same: pottery sherds, faunal remains and small stones).
The campaign is close to the end. In Pt 80 / Hipogeum 2 we reached the base. The central column has 80cm high. The base was covered by a thick layer of clay, over which there was a concentration of pottery, faunal remains and yellow ocher near the wall. The pit is 2,60m deep.
Cá fora começou a definir-se a continuação da estrutura circular já anteriormente detectada na base da Fossa 40 (a dos cremados). Pelo seu interior uma grande concentração de materiais (sempre o mesmo: fragmentos cerâmicos, fauna e pequenas pedras).
Outside we started to define the circular structure already identified in the bottom of Pit 40 (the cremated remains pit). Inside there is a significant concentration of materials (always the same: pottery sherds, faunal remains and small stones).
Monday, 23 July 2018
0282 - Monumentality / Monumentalidade
A estrutura em frente à fossa dos cremados começa a revelar uma biografia complexa. Há pelo menos dois momentos construtivos. Um primeiro corte do geológico (delimitado a azul) associado a uma vala de implantação de postes no seu interior; um segundo corte (a vermelho), com a mesma curvarura, mas mais amplo, relacionado com os grandes buracos de poste e pequena vala intermédia de implantação de postes mais pequenos. A reformulação de uma mesma estrutura central em madeira, com técnica de infraestruturas ligeiramente diferente.
The structure in front of the pit with the cremations is revealing a complex biography. There are, at least, two moments of construction. A first cut in the geologic (delimited in blue) associated to a ditch to support posts; a second cut (in red), with the same curvature, but larger, related to the big post holes and the intermediate small ditch for smaller posts. It is the reorganization of the same general wood structure in the center, with a slightly different infrastructure solution.
E a aparente fachada do segundo momento, com dois grandes postes e dois mais pequenos, estando o meio alinhado com o centro da fossa 40 e alinhado a 90º (Este / Equinócios).
And the apparent facade of the second moment, with two big post holes and two smaller ones, being the middle aligned with the center of Pit 40 and aligned at 90º (East / Equinoxes).
The structure in front of the pit with the cremations is revealing a complex biography. There are, at least, two moments of construction. A first cut in the geologic (delimited in blue) associated to a ditch to support posts; a second cut (in red), with the same curvature, but larger, related to the big post holes and the intermediate small ditch for smaller posts. It is the reorganization of the same general wood structure in the center, with a slightly different infrastructure solution.
E a aparente fachada do segundo momento, com dois grandes postes e dois mais pequenos, estando o meio alinhado com o centro da fossa 40 e alinhado a 90º (Este / Equinócios).
And the apparent facade of the second moment, with two big post holes and two smaller ones, being the middle aligned with the center of Pit 40 and aligned at 90º (East / Equinoxes).
Saturday, 21 July 2018
0281 - Dia Aberto / Open Day
Hoje foi o Dia Aberto. Mais de 60 pessoas visitaram os Perdigões. As escavações em curso, o museu na Torre do Esporão e o depósito de materiais aqueológicos, onde os visitantes têm sempre a possibilidade de ver e tocar nas peças mais de perto. Seguido de uma palestra sobre os resultados de um projecto de investigação e de um almoço "Neolítico".
Today was Open Day. Over 60 people visited Perdigões. The excavations, the museum of Torre do Esporão and the deposit of archaeological materials, where the visitors always have the opportunity of touch the items. Followed by a talk about the results of a scientific research and a "Neolithic" lunch.
Foi um dos melhores Dias Abertos dos Perdigões. Patrocinado pela Era Arqueologia e Esporão.
It was one of the best Open Days of Perdigões. Sponsored by Era Arqueologia e Esporão.
Today was Open Day. Over 60 people visited Perdigões. The excavations, the museum of Torre do Esporão and the deposit of archaeological materials, where the visitors always have the opportunity of touch the items. Followed by a talk about the results of a scientific research and a "Neolithic" lunch.
Foi um dos melhores Dias Abertos dos Perdigões. Patrocinado pela Era Arqueologia e Esporão.
It was one of the best Open Days of Perdigões. Sponsored by Era Arqueologia e Esporão.
Friday, 20 July 2018
280 - Uma fachada ? / A facade ?
Mais dois buracos de poste (um grande e outro pequeno) que com o anterior parecem formar uma espécie de fachada na "aveinida" fronteira à Fossa 40. E junto ao grande mais um campaniforme, aparentemente liso.
Two more post holes (one big and one small) that, with the last one, seem to form some sort of facade in front of the "avenue" leading to Pit 40. And next to the big one another beaker bowl, apparently undecorated.
Na Fossa 80 uma grande concentração de cerâmica e ocre (?) amarelo junto à parade Este.
In Pit 80 a grate concentration of pottery and yellow ocher (?) near he eastern wall.
Two more post holes (one big and one small) that, with the last one, seem to form some sort of facade in front of the "avenue" leading to Pit 40. And next to the big one another beaker bowl, apparently undecorated.
Na Fossa 80 uma grande concentração de cerâmica e ocre (?) amarelo junto à parade Este.
In Pit 80 a grate concentration of pottery and yellow ocher (?) near he eastern wall.
Thursday, 19 July 2018
0279 - Of Marble / De Mármore
O recipiente da Fossa 87 é de mámore. Tal como o recolhido na vizinha fossa de deposições de cremações humanas.
The pot from Pit 87 is made of marble. Just like the one of the neighboring pit of the depositions of cremated remains.
Em frente da qual continuamos a trabalhar, no interior da "alameda de postes"
In front of which we continue to work, inside the "posts avenue".
E onde um novo depósito central de fragmentos cerâmicos, fauna e pequenas pedras apareceu (é já o terceiro nível).
And where a new central deposit of sherds, faunal remains and small stones appeared (and is the third already).
The pot from Pit 87 is made of marble. Just like the one of the neighboring pit of the depositions of cremated remains.
Em frente da qual continuamos a trabalhar, no interior da "alameda de postes"
In front of which we continue to work, inside the "posts avenue".
E onde um novo depósito central de fragmentos cerâmicos, fauna e pequenas pedras apareceu (é já o terceiro nível).
And where a new central deposit of sherds, faunal remains and small stones appeared (and is the third already).
Wednesday, 18 July 2018
0278 - Pits / Fossas
Hoje, finalmente, voltámos à Fossa 80. Com alguns cuidados e com uma área de intervenção reduzida, por questões de segurança. Já vai com 3m de profundidade. No alargamento chegámos à parede Este, onde se identificou parte de um recipiente (entre uma grande quantidade de fragmentos cerâmicos e ainda mais restos faunísticos).
Today, finally, we came back to Pit 80. With careful and in a restricted area, due to safety issues. It is already 3m deep. In the excavated area we got to the eastern wall, where a part of a recipient was identified (and a grate quantity of sherds and even more faunal remains).
E também voltámos à fossa 87. Na base do nível que forneceu abundates elementos cardonizados de Pyrus bourgaeana (pera brava) aparecem grandes fragmentos cerâmicos e um vaso de calcário / mármore inteiro.
And we also came back to Pit 87. In the base of the level that provided abundant carbonized elements of Pyrus bourgaeana (wild pear) there are several large sherds of pottery and a complete limestone / marble pot.
Today, finally, we came back to Pit 80. With careful and in a restricted area, due to safety issues. It is already 3m deep. In the excavated area we got to the eastern wall, where a part of a recipient was identified (and a grate quantity of sherds and even more faunal remains).
E também voltámos à fossa 87. Na base do nível que forneceu abundates elementos cardonizados de Pyrus bourgaeana (pera brava) aparecem grandes fragmentos cerâmicos e um vaso de calcário / mármore inteiro.
And we also came back to Pit 87. In the base of the level that provided abundant carbonized elements of Pyrus bourgaeana (wild pear) there are several large sherds of pottery and a complete limestone / marble pot.
Tuesday, 17 July 2018
Monday, 16 July 2018
Sunday, 15 July 2018
0275 - Versões de ontem / Yesterday versions
Duas versões da palestra de ontem "Com Monsaraz no horizonte: o recinto cerimonial pré-histórico dos Perdigões", integrada no programa do Museu Aberto de Monsaraz.
Two versions of the yesterday talk "With Monsaraz in the horizon: the ceremonial prehistoric enclosure of Perdigões", integrated in the program of Monsaraz Open Museum.
Two versions of the yesterday talk "With Monsaraz in the horizon: the ceremonial prehistoric enclosure of Perdigões", integrated in the program of Monsaraz Open Museum.
0274 - Detalhes de interesse / Interesting details
Na "alameda" ladeada por grandes burados de poste que se situa do lado Este da fossas 40 (a dos restos cremados) vão-se registando vários momentos de acumulações, espacialmente restritas, de pequenas pedras, muitos e pequenos fragmentos cerâmicos e restos faunísticos e praticamente mais nada (aqui e ali um minúsculo bocadinho de cobre). Relacionadas com os cerimoniais de deposição dos restos humanos na fossa?
In the "avenue" marked by the big post holes situated in the Easter side of Pit 40 (the one of cremated remains) several accumulations of very small stones, small sherds and faunal remains have been recorded, spatially restricted. Nothing else (with the exception of occasional tiny bits of copper). Were they related to the ceremonies of deposition of the human cremated remains?
Já no Sepulcro 4 está agora bem visível a intencionalidade do uso cromático para marcar neste caso o Norte, curiosamente o lado onde se concentravam a quase totalidade dos restos humanos identificados nesta câmara.
In Tomb 4 is now well visible the intentional use of color to mark in this case the North. Curiously, that is the side of the concentration of almost all human remains.
In the "avenue" marked by the big post holes situated in the Easter side of Pit 40 (the one of cremated remains) several accumulations of very small stones, small sherds and faunal remains have been recorded, spatially restricted. Nothing else (with the exception of occasional tiny bits of copper). Were they related to the ceremonies of deposition of the human cremated remains?
Já no Sepulcro 4 está agora bem visível a intencionalidade do uso cromático para marcar neste caso o Norte, curiosamente o lado onde se concentravam a quase totalidade dos restos humanos identificados nesta câmara.
In Tomb 4 is now well visible the intentional use of color to mark in this case the North. Curiously, that is the side of the concentration of almost all human remains.
Friday, 13 July 2018
0273 - Almost at half campaign / Quase a metade da campanha
Estamos quase a metade da campanha e o pessoal parece bem disposto. Não admira, é hora do sempre excelente almoço na Herdade do Esporão.
We are almost at half campaign and the the team seams happy. Not surprising, for its lunch time at Herdae do Esporão. Always excellent.
Na área central o trabalho continua e a estrutura monumental está a ficar mais complexa.
At the central area work continues and the monumental structure is getting more complex.
No Sepulcro 4 finalmente apareceu algo mais que ossos humanos: um ídolo falange (de cavalo).
In Tomb 4 finally something else other than human bones: a phalanx idol (of horse)
We are almost at half campaign and the the team seams happy. Not surprising, for its lunch time at Herdae do Esporão. Always excellent.
Na área central o trabalho continua e a estrutura monumental está a ficar mais complexa.
At the central area work continues and the monumental structure is getting more complex.
No Sepulcro 4 finalmente apareceu algo mais que ossos humanos: um ídolo falange (de cavalo).
In Tomb 4 finally something else other than human bones: a phalanx idol (of horse)
Wednesday, 11 July 2018
0272 - Investigando o uso de cinábrio / Researching the use of cinnabar
Mandíbula com cinábrio do Sepulcro 1 dos Perdigões
A colaboração entre o Programa Global de Investigação dos Perdigões e a Universidade de Bradford continua a dar frutos, agora na investigação sobre o uso de cinábrio. Aqui fica o resumo de mais um trabalho.
The collaboration of the Global Program of Research of Perdigões and the Bradford University continues to deliver, now in the research of the use of cinnabar. Here is the abstract of one more work.
FROM THE
BLOOD OF DRAGONS
Cinnabar: a pigment for the living, a preservative for
the dead.
Cinnabar is a naturally occurring
mineral found worldwide and is the main source of the toxic element mercury.
Studies from Tomb II, Perdigoes in the Alentejo region of Portugal, describe
evidence of chronic mercury exposure in four individuals from the Late
Neolithic / Chalcolithic period (Emslie et al. 2015). However, the analytical equipment is expensive, not readily available
and the process destructive.
An epistemological review suggested that
the use of field portable x-ray fluorescence equipment could be used as a
non-destructive technique, both on the human remains and the burial substrate,
to identify the presence of mercury and other heavy metals.
The results support the validity of the
method, recognising the presence of mercury, as initially reported, but
additionally we discovered high levels of manganese and nickel. Further
research is required to explain the presence of manganese and nickel, which may
be related to diet, and to increase the sample size to refine the techniques
employed.
This abstract relates to the final year
research project completed by David Taylor, University of Bradford, in partial
fulfilment of a Bachelor of Arts in Archaeology.
Emslie, S. D.,
Brasso, R., Patterson, W. P., Carlos Valera, A., McKenzie, A., Maria Silva, A.,
Gleason, J. D. and Blum, J. D. (2015) Chronic mercury exposure in Late
Neolithic/Chalcolithic populations in Portugal from the cultural use of
cinnabar. Scientific reports 5,
14679.
Tuesday, 10 July 2018
0271 - Postes e ossos / Posts and bones
Esta tem sido a nossa realidade.
That has been our reality.
Na área central temos já 9 buracos de poste em linha até à fossa dos cremados.. Colocámos postes para ter uma noção visual da coisa. Uma estrutura monumental a aparecer.
At the central area we have now a row of 9 post holes leading to the pit of the cremated remains. We put posts in, just to have a visual notion of the thing. A monumental structure appearing.
No tholos, depois de expor os últimos (primeiros) ossos, começámos a levantar, com coordenação tridimensional integral.
In the tholos, after exposing the last (first) bones, we started to pick them up, with total three-dimensional coordination.
That has been our reality.
Na área central temos já 9 buracos de poste em linha até à fossa dos cremados.. Colocámos postes para ter uma noção visual da coisa. Uma estrutura monumental a aparecer.
At the central area we have now a row of 9 post holes leading to the pit of the cremated remains. We put posts in, just to have a visual notion of the thing. A monumental structure appearing.
No tholos, depois de expor os últimos (primeiros) ossos, começámos a levantar, com coordenação tridimensional integral.
In the tholos, after exposing the last (first) bones, we started to pick them up, with total three-dimensional coordination.
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