Excavations 2024


This is a temporary blog for presenting the excavations at Perdigões. Posts from 2011 to 2023 are available.

Saturday, 20 July 2013

010/2013 – The strange support vessel


 
We call it “support vessels”: hyperbolic shapes open in both sides, used to support other pots. The strange thing in this one, collected inside de late Neolithic “hypogeum”, is that has a suspension nipple inside. To what purpose would this artifact be suspended for?
Chamamos a estas peças “vasos suporte”: peças hiperboloides com abertura de ambos os lados, destinadas a servir de suporte a recipientes. O estranho nesta peça, recolhida no “hipogeu” do Neolítico Final, é apresentar um mamilo de suspensão pelo interior. Para que seria esta peça suspensa?

Friday, 19 July 2013

009/2013 – “The pottery way”



That is what an elongated deposition of pottery shards (and some fauna) looks like in the top filling of Late Neolithic ditch 8 (just like ditch 12).

Este é o aspecto de uma deposição alongada de fragmentos de cerâmica (e alguma fauna) no topo do enchimento do fosso 8 do Neolítico Final (tal como já acontecia no fosso 12).

Tuesday, 16 July 2013

008/2003 – Where we are excavating

We are now excavating in several fronts and structures. In Sector Q we are excavating Chalcolithic pit 40, de one with the cremated human remains, and just started to excavate pit 35. We are also continuing the “hypogeum” from Late Neolithic.

Estamos agora a escavar em várias frentes e estruturas. No Sector Q estamos a escavar a fossa 40, calcolítica (a que tem as deposições de restos de cremações humanas), e começámos a escavar a fossa 35. Estamos também a continuar o “hipogeu” do Neolítico Final.
Pit 40 / Fossa 40


Pit 35 (first plan) and "hypogeum"/Fossa 35 (primeiro plano) e "hipogeu".

In sector P, the section in de Late Neolithic ditch 8 is in progress, and we started to define the stone alignment in the top of ditch 7, that seems to be Chalcolithic.
No sector P, a secção do fosso 8 do Neolítico Final está em progresso e começámos a definir o alinhamentos de pedras no topo do fosso 7, o qual parece ser já calcolítico.


Section in ditch 8/Secção no fosso 8

 
Stone alignment in ditch 7 /Alinhamento de pedras no fosso 7

Monday, 15 July 2013

007/2013 – Back to the cremations


 
After cleaning we start excavating in this afternoon. One of the contexts we came back was pit 40, a context with human cremated remains. Just starting, but already with some findings.
Depois das limpezas, começámos a escavar na parte da tarde. Um dos contextos a que voltámos é a fossa 40, uma estrutura com restos de cremações humanas. Estamos a começar, já com algumas descobertas.

Saturday, 13 July 2013

006/2013 – Cleaning 2


... and in the other corner, pits and more pits.
... e no outro canto, fossas e mais fossas.

 

 
Exhausting job, that has sometimes its rewards.
Trabalho cansativo mas que por vezes tem as suas compensações.


Friday, 12 July 2013

005/2013 – Cleaning


 
We are cleaning after a small amplification of the area of the “hypogeum” structure. And we have already a new circular pit and other negative structures cutting each other.
Estamos a limpar o pequeno alargamento na área do “hipogeu”. Temos já uma nova fossa circular e outras estruturas negativas que se cortam umas às outras.

Wednesday, 10 July 2013

004/2013 Sunrise in Perdigões




Sunrising in Perdigões today. We were starting to clean the areas to be excavated.
Nascer do sol, hoje, nos Perdigões. Estávamos a começar a limpeza das áreas a escavar.

Tuesday, 9 July 2013

003/2013 - A different beginning

Perdigões 2013 campaign is beginning. This year we started in a different way, with an updating briefing for the History professors of the Oficinas de São José school about the main recent revolutionary discoveries of Recent Prehistory in Alentejo.

A campanha dos Perdigões está a começar. Este ano começa de forma diferente, com uma acção de formação para professores de História do Colégio Oficinas de São José sobre as recentes e revolucionárias descobertas da Pré-História Recente no Alentejo.


Here we are, speaking about the developments of knowledge resulting from Alqueva project amongst others (from that outstanding balcony of Monsaraz), and, after a visit to Perdigões, in the Perdigões museum at Torre do Esporão and latter in a session in the Enoturismo of that same company.
Aqui estamos nós, conversando sobre os desenvolvimentos no conhecimento que resultou do projecto de Alqueva entre outros (a partir da magnífica varanda de Monsaraz) e, depois de uma visita aos Perdigões, no museu do sítio na Torre do Esporão e mais tarde numa sessão que decorreu no Enoturismo do Esporão.


It is an interesting new way of starting a campaign.
É uma forma interessante de se iniciar uma campanha.

Thursday, 13 June 2013

002/2013 – Preparing 2013 campaign

2013 campaign will start July 15. The team is already assembled. It was a hard selection, for more than 170 candidates applied for the excavations.
A campanha de 2013 começará a 15 de Julho. A equipa já está constituída. Foi uma selecção difícil, pois mais de 170 candidatos fizeram as suas candidaturas.

This year we will continue the interventions in Sectors Q, P (era team) and L (University of Málaga team). In sector Q, we will try to finish the excavation of hypogeum 1 and of pit 40, one with depositions of human cremated remains associated to several stone and ivory idols.
Neste ano continuaremos as intervenções nos Sectores Q, P (equipa da ERA) e L (equipa da Universidade de Málaga). No sector Q tentaremos terminar a escavação do Hipogeu 1 e da fossa 40, uma das que apresenta deposições de restos de cremações humanas associadas a ídolos de pedra e de marfim.




Hipogeum 1 and pit 40 to be excavated in sector Q.
Hipogeu 1 e fossa 40 a serem escavados no sector Q.

Not far, in sector P, we will be excavating ditches 7 and 8. The aim is to finish the two sections in the ditches and expose the top layers of formal depositions identified last year.
Perto, no sector P, estaremos a escavar os fossos 7 e 8. Tentaremos terminar as respectivas secções e expor os níveis superiores com deposições estruturadas.


Dicthes 7 and 8 to be excavated in sector P.
Fossos 7 e 8 a serem intervencionados no sector P.

Finally, in sector L some of the structures that belong to the NE gate will be surveyed.
Finalmente, no sector L algumas das estruturas que compõem a porta NE serão sondadas.


Structure of gate NE to be surveyed in sector L.
Estrutura da porte NE a ser intervencionada no sector L

This year, for the second time, students of Bradford University will be integrated in the team of ERA as part of their formation program, as well as students from Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
Neste ano, pela segunda vez, estudantes da Universidade de Bradford integrarão a equipa da ERA como parte da sua formação, assim como estudantes da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.

Steven Emslie, from University of North Carolina (Department of Biology), USA, will be visiting us for sampling human remains for complete stable isotope analyses of δ13C and δ15N in an attempt to understand past diets and variations in diets among these prehistoric people of Perdigões.
Steven Emslie, da Universidade da Carolina do Norte (Departamento de Biologia), EUA, visitará a escavação para recolha de amostras de restos humanos para análises de isótopos estáveis de δ13C e δ15N com o objectivo de conhecer as dietas e as suas variações nas populações pré-históricas dos Perdigões.

As usual, the development of the work can be fallowed in this page.  
Como já é habitual, os desenvolvimentos dos trabalhos poderão ser seguidos nesta página.

Wednesday, 27 March 2013

001/2013 - Campanha de 2013



A campanha de 2013 está já em preparação. As inscrições estão abertas até 31 de Maio, estando a ficha de pré-inscrição disponível em http://www.nia-era.org

The 2013 campaign is already in preparation. Inscriptions are open until March 31, and the application form can be obtained at http://www.nia-era.org

A selecção dos participantes será comunicada na primeira semana de Junho. Os candidatos terão então três dias para confirmar a sua presença.
As candidaturas já enviadas são em grande número, esperando-se uma muito difícil tarefa de selecção.

The selection of candidates will be communicated during the first week of June. The selected candidates will have to confirm their present within three days.
A great number of applications have already been received, and a quite difficult task of selection is expected.

Até ao momento:
Until now we have:

Portugal: 32 candidaturas/applications
Espanha (Spain): 57 candidaturas/applications
Reino Unido (United Kingdom): 6 candidaturas/applications
Itália (Italy): 1 candidatura/applications

Tuesday, 14 August 2012

017 - Just at the end

Unfortunately, some problems with the computer didn’t allow the posting o the news related to the development of the excavation during the last week. We just finished this year campaign last Saturday. Most of the goals were achieved, although the structure with cremations is far from being finished. There, we have already a minimum number of individuals of 102.

Several limestone idols were recovered, as well as burned arrow heads and burned beads. Here it is an interesting situation: a burned horse phalange, surrounded by at least 9 beads, almost as if it was carrying a small necklace around it at the moment it was submitted to fire.


But, as usually, the last days always have surprises. This year was the presence of 5 “Almeriense” idols right in the bottom of ditch 12, in a clear Neolithic context. Another was collected in the hypogeum structure, also Neolithic.

The first five were collected together in the bottom of ditch 12. The first from the right comes from the hypogeum structure.

Friday, 3 August 2012

Thursday, 2 August 2012

015 - Depositions

Peripheral depositions in the “hypogeum” structure. Half pots continue to appear.


These depositions are over a part of geological rock that has fallen from the roof. So, what we excavated here until now is a reuse of the top part of this structure. And now we wonder what is under that layer of geologic material.

Tuesday, 31 July 2012

014 - Images from the excavation


As hard as it can be... even with a broom.


Not so hard at the "hypogeum"...



... and with rewards...



... like some idols (again in half parts)



... but here things got tricky: the depositions of cremated human remains are becoming circular and with a basin shape.We will see...

Monday, 30 July 2012

013 - Material from the cremations context

A limestone pot...


... and another ivory idol.

Sunday, 29 July 2012

012 - Mini pots ?

from Late Neolithic contexts...

Saturday, 28 July 2012

011 - Inner palisade

We just reached the bottom of the inner ditch of the possible double palisade. Neolithic, naturally.


Friday, 27 July 2012

Thursday, 26 July 2012

Tuesday, 24 July 2012

008 - "Halfs" / "Metades"

Depositions of pottery broken in half are still being recorded inside the "hypogeum" structure, dated from Late Neolithic
Deposições de cerâmicas partidas pela metade continuam a ser registadas na estrutura de tipo hipogeu, datadas do Neolítico Final.





And if you want to know what I think about depositions of "half materials" you can see it here
E se querem saber o que penso sobre deposições de materiais partidos pela metade, podem ver aqui

007 - Excavating the deposits with human cremations

Sunday, 22 July 2012

006 - Human cremations


We are excavating the human cremation deposits dated from middle 3th millennium BC. The burned bones are mainly associated to burned necklace beads and burned arrow heads as the ones recovered in the last two days and to fragmented burned objects in ivory (such as anthropomorphic figurines).
These assemblages are quite different from the ones collected in earlier excavations in collective tombs 1 and 2 (in the eastern necropolis area). The tipology of the arrow heads is also different from the one of the two tombs.
Estamos a escavar os depósitos com cremações humanas de meados do 3º milénio AC. Os ossos queimados estão essencialmente associados a contas de colar e pontas de seta queimadas, como as recolhidas nestes dois últimos dias,  e a fragmentos queimados de objectos em marfim (como as figurinhas antropomórficas).
Estes conjuntos são muito diferentes dos recolhidos em campanhas anteriores nos sepulcros 1 e 2 na necrópole da área Este. A tipologia das pontas de seta também difere significativamente.


Radiocarbon dates are documenting that both areas were used in the middle and the second half of the millennia, but with quite different funerary practices.
In the cremation deposits, bones show that a significant part was cremated with flesh. Cremation probably occurred shortly after death, with soft tissues still preserved, and then the remains were deposited in the centre of the site. But they were burned with their necklace, ivory material and arrowheads and apparently not much more. And were the arrow heads a funerary gift or were they inside their bodies?
This context is strange, but extremely interesting.
As datações de radiocarbono têm documentado que ambas as áreas funcionam em meados e segunda metade do 3º milénio, mas com práticas funerárias muito distintas.
Nos depósitos de cremações os ossos demonstram que foram maioritariamente cremados com carne. A cremação terá sido provavelmente pouco tempo após a morte, com tecidos moles ainda preservados, sendo os restos depositados no centro do recinto. Mas os indivíduos (ou parte dos seus restos mortais, foram queimados com os seus colares, material em marfim e pontas de seta e, aparentemente, não muito mais. E eram as pontas de seta uma oferenda funerárias ou estavam dentro dos corpos?
O contexto é estranho, mas muito interessante.

Saturday, 21 July 2012

005 - Digging a Chalcolithic pit

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... with pottery shards, faunal remains and a "Ídolo de Cornos". A pit that cut a earlier hypogium type structure.

004 - Dogs in ditches


Here is a Late Neolithic dog skull from ditch 8. The skull was deposited over a “bed” of pottery shards and was covered with some more.
In Perdigões, we had depositions of isolated dog skulls from Chalcolithic ditch 3. Now we have this practice in Late Neolithic contexts.

Thursday, 19 July 2012

003 - Collaborating teams

In the last two days we have visitors, from collaborating research units. First Randy Danielson from Igespar Paleo Sciences Centre to collect samples from Ditch 6 for pollen analysis. Second the team from Nuclear Technological Institute to collect samples from local geological background.
Sampling for pollens

Discussing ditch 6 profile with ITN team

Wednesday, 18 July 2012

002 - Some artifacts from yesterday

A bird in ceramics and...


... a nice bell beaker shard. Both from setor P, but not related to the ditches: they come from above ploughed contexts. revealing a chalcolitic (late) occupation outside the negative structures, as we have evidence in all central area of the site.

Monday, 16 July 2012

001/2012 – First day: areas where we are going to excavate

NIA will be excavating in the central area of Perdigões set of enclosures. An area where we have structures dating from Late Neolithic (3500 to 2900 years BC) till Late Chalcolithic /Early Bronze Age (around 2000 years BC).
O NIA vai estar a escavar na área central dos Perdigões. Uma zona onde existem estruturas que datam desde o Neolítico Final (3500 a 2900 AC) até ao Calcolítico Final / Início da Idade do Bronze (cerca de 2000 AC).

 

In sector Q we enlarged Survey 1. This will enable to define the possible Neolithic hypogeum in the far Westside and the area with chalcolithic human cremation depositions.
No Sector Q alargámos a Sondagem 1. Este alargamento permite abranger a totalidade de um possível hipogeu na extremidade Oeste, assim como a área de deposição calcolítica de restos humanos cremados.

 

Further south we are opening a new survey (Survey 2), to excavate two small ditches that might correspond to two palisades inside Late Neolithic Ditch 6.
Mais a Sul abrimos uma nova sondagem (Sondagem 2) com o objectivo de escavar dois pequenos fossos paralelos pelo interior ao Fosso 6, do Neolítico Final, os quais poderão corresponder a duas linhas de paliçadas.

 

More to the west, already in sector P, we are opening another survey (Survey 1 of Sector P) to excavate the crossing of two other ditches (ditches 7 and 8). The aim is date these two ditches and comprehend which cuts which.
Mais para Oeste, já no Sector P, abrimos uma nova sondagem (Sondagem 1 do Sector P). O objectivo é sondar e datar dois fossos que se cruzam (Fossos 7 e 8) e perceber qual corta qual.

 

For the next month we will be giving news of these excavations here. You are welcome to follow them. Durante o próximo mês daremos notícia do andamento dos trabalhos, convidando todos os interessados a acompanhar aqui a evolução dos mesmos.